Acquired

Acquired

Acquired refers to characteristics, conditions, or diseases that are not present at birth but develop later in life. This term is often used in medical contexts to describe diseases or conditions that are not congenital or hereditary but are developed due to various factors such as environmental influences, lifestyle choices, infections, or other external factors.

Overview

The concept of "acquired" is crucial in distinguishing between conditions that are present from birth (congenital) and those that develop later. Understanding whether a condition is acquired or congenital can significantly influence the approach to treatment, management, and prevention.

Examples of Acquired Conditions

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Unlike congenital immunodeficiencies, AIDS is acquired through the transmission of HIV, which can occur through contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluids.

Acquired Heart Disease

Acquired heart diseases are conditions affecting the heart that develop after birth. These can include coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and other conditions influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and smoking.

Acquired Brain Injury

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) refers to any damage to the brain that occurs after birth. This can result from traumatic events such as accidents or non-traumatic causes like strokes or infections.

Causes of Acquired Conditions

Acquired conditions can result from a variety of causes, including:

• Infections: Many diseases are acquired through infections, such as tuberculosis or hepatitis.
• Lifestyle Factors: Conditions like type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer can be influenced by diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle choices.
• Environmental Exposures: Exposure to toxins, pollutants, or radiation can lead to acquired conditions.
• Trauma: Physical injuries can result in acquired conditions such as traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis of acquired conditions often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as blood tests, imaging studies, or biopsies. Treatment varies widely depending on the specific condition and may include medications, lifestyle changes, surgery, or other interventions.

Prevention

Preventive measures for acquired conditions focus on reducing risk factors and promoting healthy behaviors. This can include vaccination, regular health screenings, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding harmful substances.

Also see

• Congenital disorder
• Hereditary disease
• Infectious disease
• Chronic disease

Resources

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Source: Data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Since the data might have changed, please query MeSH on Acquired for any updates.

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