Acrolein

Acrolein (systematic name: 2-propenal) is a colorless or yellow liquid with a pungent odor. It is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde and is primarily used as a biocide and a building block to other chemical compounds.

Properties

Acrolein is a highly reactive compound due to the presence of both a carbon-carbon double bond and an aldehyde group. It is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. The chemical formula for acrolein is C₃H₄O, and its molecular weight is 56.06 g/mol.

Production

Acrolein is produced industrially by the oxidation of propylene. This process involves the catalytic oxidation of propylene in the presence of air. Another method of production is the dehydration of glycerol, which is a byproduct of biodiesel production.

Uses

Acrolein is used primarily as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals. It is a precursor to acrylic acid and its esters, which are used in the production of plastics, adhesives, and coatings. Acrolein is also used as a biocide to control algae, bacteria, and fungi in water treatment systems and as a herbicide.

Health Effects

Acrolein is highly toxic and can cause severe irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Exposure to acrolein can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. It is a potent irritant and can cause symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Long-term exposure may lead to chronic respiratory conditions.

Environmental Impact

Acrolein is harmful to aquatic life and can cause long-lasting effects in the aquatic environment. It is also a volatile organic compound (VOC) and contributes to air pollution.

Safety Measures

Due to its toxicity, handling acrolein requires strict safety measures. Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and respirators should be used when working with acrolein. Proper ventilation and storage in tightly sealed containers are also essential to minimize exposure.

See Also

• Aldehyde
• Acrylic acid
• Propylene
• Glycerol
• Volatile organic compound