Acute hepatic failure

Acute Hepatic Failure

Acute hepatic failure, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, is a rare and severe condition characterized by the sudden loss of liver function in a person who has no pre-existing liver disease. This condition is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention.

Causes

The most common causes of acute hepatic failure include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, drug-induced liver injury, and alcohol abuse. Other causes can include autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson's disease, and Budd-Chiari syndrome. In many cases, the exact cause of acute hepatic failure is unknown.

Symptoms

Symptoms of acute hepatic failure can vary greatly from person to person. They may include jaundice, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. As the condition progresses, symptoms may become more severe and can include confusion, coma, and bleeding disorders.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of acute hepatic failure is based on clinical symptoms, medical history, and laboratory tests. These tests may include blood tests, imaging tests, and a liver biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment for acute hepatic failure aims to manage symptoms and treat the underlying cause of the condition. This may include medication, liver transplant, and supportive care such as nutritional support and pain management.

Prognosis

The prognosis for acute hepatic failure is highly variable and depends on the underlying cause of the condition, the patient's overall health, and the extent of liver damage. In severe cases, acute hepatic failure can be life-threatening.

See also

• Chronic liver disease
• Liver transplantation
• Hepatitis