Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. AMKL is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal megakaryoblasts, a type of immature blood cell that normally develops into platelets.

Epidemiology

AMKL is a rare form of leukemia, accounting for approximately 1% of all AML cases. It is more common in children than in adults, particularly those with Down syndrome.

Pathophysiology

In AMKL, the megakaryoblasts in the bone marrow proliferate abnormally, leading to a decrease in the production of normal blood cells. This results in a variety of symptoms, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, and increased susceptibility to infection.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of AMKL is based on blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and cytogenetic analysis. The presence of specific genetic abnormalities, such as the t(1;22)(p13;q13) translocation, can confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for AMKL typically involves chemotherapy, with the aim of achieving remission. In some cases, a stem cell transplant may be considered.

Prognosis

The prognosis for AMKL varies depending on a number of factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and the presence of certain genetic abnormalities.

See also

• Acute myeloid leukemia
• Leukemia
• Megakaryocyte
• Down syndrome