Stem cell transplant

Stem cell transplant also known as Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) involves the intravenous (IV) infusion of autologous or allogeneic stem cells to reestablish hematopoietic function in patients whose bone marrow or immune system is damaged or defective. They can be harvested from the donor's bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood shortly after delivery of neonates.

Types

There are two main types of HSCT, Autologous and Allogeneic stem cell transplant. Autologous HSCT requires the extraction of stem cells from the patient and their subsequent reinfusion after a conditioning regimen, while Allogeneic HSCT involves stem cells from a donor after a conditioning regimen.

Uses

Stem cell transplants are used to treat patients whose stem cells have been damaged by disease or the treatment thereof, particularly in cancers such as Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Multiple Myeloma. They can also be used for Aplastic Anemia, Immune Deficiencies, and some solid tumor cancers.

Procedure

The procedure for stem cell transplant varies depending on the type of transplant, the disease requiring transplant, and the patient's health status. Generally, it involves the administration of high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy, followed by the infusion of stem cells into the patient's bloodstream.

Risks and Complications

Stem cell transplant comes with several risks and complications, including Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Stem cell (graft) failure, Organ damage, Infections, Cataracts, Infertility, New cancers, and Death.

See Also

• Bone marrow transplant
• Cord blood bank
• Graft-versus-host disease
• Immunosuppressive drug
• Transplant rejection

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