Acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia

Acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia (AMML) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. This type of leukemia is characterized by a rapid increase in the number of immature white blood cells (monoblasts and monocytes) in the blood and bone marrow.

Etiology

The exact cause of AMML is unknown, but it is believed to be a result of genetic mutations. Some researchers suggest that exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, and some drugs may increase the risk of developing this disease. However, more research is needed to confirm these theories.

Symptoms

Symptoms of AMML can vary, but often include fatigue, fever, weight loss, and frequent infections due to the decreased number of healthy white blood cells. Other symptoms may include bleeding and bruising easily due to a low number of platelets, and anemia due to a low number of red blood cells.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of AMML is typically made through blood tests and bone marrow biopsy. The presence of a high number of monoblasts and monocytes in the blood or bone marrow is indicative of this disease. Other diagnostic tests may include cytogenetic analysis and immunophenotyping.

Treatment

Treatment for AMML typically involves chemotherapy to kill the cancer cells. In some cases, a stem cell transplant may be considered. The choice of treatment depends on a number of factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and the specific characteristics of the leukemia.

Prognosis

The prognosis for AMML varies depending on a number of factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and response to treatment. In general, the prognosis is better for younger patients and those who respond well to treatment.

See also

• Acute myeloid leukemia
• Leukemia
• Monocyte
• Monoblast
• Chemotherapy
• Stem cell transplant