Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate

Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (also known as cyclic AMP, cAMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger crucial in many biological processes. It is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway.

Structure and Synthesis

cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction. It is synthesized from ATP by an enzyme called adenylyl cyclase located at the cell membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)-protein-coupled receptors.

Function

cAMP is a second messenger, used for intracellular signal transduction, such as transferring into cells the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline, which cannot pass through the plasma membrane. It is involved in the activation of protein kinases and regulates the effects of adrenaline and glucagon. It also regulates the passage of Ca^2+ through ion channels.

Role in Human Physiology

In humans, cAMP affects the function of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA is an enzyme that has been linked to glucose metabolism, gene transcription, and immune system regulation. cAMP plays a key role in the regulation of ion channels, as well as the activation of certain genes.

See Also

• Adenosine triphosphate
• Adenylyl cyclase
• Protein kinase A
• Second messenger system
• Signal transduction