Adipose

1. Adipose Tissue

Adipose tissue, commonly known as body fat, is a complex connective tissue that plays a critical role in energy storage, insulation, and cushioning of the body. It is primarily composed of adipocytes, or fat cells, which store energy in the form of lipids. Adipose tissue is found throughout the body and is classified into two main types: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT).

Structure and Function

White Adipose Tissue (WAT)

White adipose tissue is the most abundant form of fat in the human body. It serves as the primary site for energy storage, with adipocytes storing triglycerides that can be mobilized when energy is needed. WAT also acts as an insulator, helping to maintain body temperature, and provides mechanical cushioning to protect internal organs.

Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT)

Brown adipose tissue is less abundant but plays a crucial role in thermogenesis, the process of heat production in the body. BAT contains a high number of mitochondria, which are rich in iron, giving it a brown color. These mitochondria enable BAT to burn calories and generate heat, a process that is especially important in newborns and hibernating animals.

Distribution in the Body

Adipose tissue is distributed throughout the body in specific depots. Subcutaneous fat is located beneath the skin, while visceral fat surrounds internal organs. The distribution of adipose tissue can vary based on factors such as age, sex, and genetic predisposition.

Metabolic Role

Adipose tissue is not merely a passive storage site for fat but is also an active endocrine organ. It secretes various hormones and cytokines, collectively known as adipokines, which play roles in regulating metabolism, appetite, and insulin sensitivity. Some of the key adipokines include leptin, adiponectin, and resistin.

Clinical Significance

Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, particularly visceral fat, is associated with obesity and an increased risk of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Conversely, insufficient adipose tissue can lead to conditions such as lipodystrophy, where the body is unable to properly store fat.

Research and Therapeutic Potential

Recent research has focused on the potential of brown adipose tissue to combat obesity due to its ability to burn calories. Strategies to activate or increase BAT in adults are being explored as potential treatments for obesity and metabolic diseases.

Also see

• Obesity
• Metabolism
• Endocrine system
• Thermogenesis
• Lipodystrophy

Resources

Latest articles - Adipose

• Most recent articles
• Ongoing trials

Source: Data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Since the data might have changed, please query MeSH on Adipose for any updates.

‎