Afferent arteriole

Afferent arteriole

The afferent arteriole is a blood vessel in the kidney that plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate. It is part of the renal circulation system and is responsible for carrying blood towards the glomerulus.

Anatomy

The afferent arteriole arises from the renal artery and branches off to form the glomerulus. The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels, or capillaries, where the filtration of blood takes place. After passing through the glomerulus, the blood leaves through the efferent arteriole.

Function

The primary function of the afferent arteriole is to transport blood from the renal artery to the glomerulus. The diameter of the afferent arteriole is larger than that of the efferent arteriole, which creates a pressure gradient that aids in the filtration process.

The afferent arteriole also plays a key role in the regulation of blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate. It does this through a process known as autoregulation, which involves the constriction or dilation of the arteriole in response to changes in blood pressure.

Clinical significance

Dysfunction of the afferent arteriole can lead to various kidney disorders, including glomerulonephritis and renal failure. In addition, conditions such as hypertension and diabetes can damage the afferent arteriole, affecting its ability to regulate blood pressure and filtration rate.

See also

• Efferent arteriole
• Renal circulation
• Glomerulus
• Renal artery