Distal convoluted tubule
== Distal Convoluted Tubule ==
The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a portion of the kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of electrolytes and pH balance in the body.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The distal convoluted tubule is lined with a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. These cells have fewer microvilli compared to the proximal convoluted tubule, making the lumen of the DCT appear clearer under a microscope. The DCT is located in the renal cortex.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary functions of the distal convoluted tubule include:
- **Reabsorption of Ions**: The DCT reabsorbs sodium and chloride ions through active transport mechanisms. This process is regulated by the hormone aldosterone.
- **Calcium Regulation**: The DCT plays a role in calcium homeostasis, influenced by the hormone parathyroid hormone (PTH).
- **Acid-Base Balance**: The DCT helps in maintaining the body's acid-base balance by secreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate.
Hormonal Regulation[edit | edit source]
The activity of the distal convoluted tubule is regulated by several hormones:
- **Aldosterone**: Increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion.
- **Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)**: Increases calcium reabsorption.
- **Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)**: Although primarily acting on the collecting duct, ADH can also influence water reabsorption in the DCT.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Dysfunction in the distal convoluted tubule can lead to various medical conditions, including:
- **Hyperkalemia**: Elevated levels of potassium in the blood due to impaired potassium secretion.
- **Hypocalcemia**: Low levels of calcium in the blood due to impaired calcium reabsorption.
- **Metabolic acidosis**: A condition where the body produces excessive acid or the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body.
Related Structures[edit | edit source]
See Also[edit | edit source]
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