Agaricus

Iconographie des champignons de Paulet (Pl. LXXXIX) (6266440221)

Cupreobrunneus

Agaricus osecanus 110729w

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Agaricus diminutivus 706380

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Agaricus comtulus G4

Agaricus is a genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species, with possibly over 300 members worldwide. The genus is widely known for its important edible mushrooms, such as the Agaricus bisporus, commonly known as the button mushroom, white mushroom, or portobello mushroom, and the Agaricus subrufescens, also known as the almond mushroom, mushroom of the sun, or Brazilian blazei. Agaricus species are characterized by having a cap which can be various shapes in maturity, gills that are free from the stem, and a partial veil that often forms a ring on the stem.

Description

Members of the Agaricus genus typically have a fruiting body that consists of a cap and stem, with gills on the underside of the cap. The cap can change shape as it matures, starting out as globe-shaped and becoming more flat as it ages. The gills are initially pink, then red-brown and finally a dark brown as the mushroom matures, due to the maturation of spores. Agaricus mushrooms have a partial veil that covers the gills during the early stages of growth, which later breaks, leaving a ring around the stem in many species.

Habitat and Distribution

Agaricus species are found in both temperate and tropical regions of the world. They commonly grow in grassy areas such as lawns, fields, and meadows, and some species are found in forests. They are saprobic, feeding on dead organic matter, which makes them important decomposers in their ecosystems.

Edible Species

The most well-known species, Agaricus bisporus, is widely cultivated for food. It is a staple in many cuisines and is used in a variety of dishes. Agaricus subrufescens is also cultivated, particularly in Japan and Brazil, for both its culinary qualities and purported medicinal properties. Other edible species include Agaricus campestris, known as the field mushroom, and Agaricus arvensis, known as the horse mushroom.

Poisonous Species

While many species of Agaricus are edible, there are also poisonous species within the genus. These include Agaricus xanthodermus, the yellow-stainer, which can cause gastrointestinal upset. Identification is crucial when foraging for Agaricus mushrooms, as some poisonous species closely resemble the edible ones.

Medicinal Use

Some species of Agaricus, particularly Agaricus subrufescens, have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, including immune system enhancement and anti-cancer effects. However, more research is needed to fully understand these properties and their practical applications.

Cultivation

Cultivation of Agaricus mushrooms, especially Agaricus bisporus, is a significant industry worldwide. These mushrooms are grown in controlled environments, often in composted manure, and require specific temperature, humidity, and ventilation conditions to thrive.

Conservation

While many Agaricus species are common and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and pollution can threaten some species. Conservation efforts focus on preserving natural habitats and promoting sustainable harvesting practices.