Aleppo boil

Aleppo boil (also known as Aleppo ulcer or Oriental sore) is a skin disease caused by the parasite Leishmania tropica. The disease is named after the city of Aleppo in Syria, where it was first identified.

Etiology

The causative agent of Aleppo boil is the protozoan parasite Leishmania tropica. This parasite is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female sandflies. The disease is endemic in the Middle East, particularly in Syria, but cases have been reported in other parts of the world.

Clinical Features

The primary symptom of Aleppo boil is a skin lesion that develops at the site of the sandfly bite. The lesion starts as a small, red papule that gradually enlarges over time, eventually forming an ulcer. The ulcer is typically painless and can persist for months if left untreated. In some cases, the disease can spread to other parts of the body, causing systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and enlargement of the spleen and liver.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Aleppo boil is based on clinical features and confirmed by laboratory tests. The most common diagnostic test is microscopic examination of a sample from the lesion, which can reveal the presence of the parasite. Other diagnostic methods include culture of the parasite and molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Treatment

Treatment of Aleppo boil involves the use of antiparasitic drugs, such as pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin B. In some cases, the lesion may heal on its own without treatment, but this can take several months and may result in significant scarring.

Prevention

Prevention of Aleppo boil primarily involves control of the sandfly population and use of personal protective measures to avoid sandfly bites, such as wearing long-sleeved clothing and using insect repellent.

See Also

• Leishmaniasis
• Cutaneous leishmaniasis
• Tropical diseases

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