Allyl
Chemical compound
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| IUPAC Name: | {{{IUPACName}}} |
| Other Names: | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem | 7845 |
| ChemSpider | 7560 |
| SMILES | C=CC |
| InChI | 1S/C3H5/c1-2-3/h2H,1H2,3H3 |
| InChIKey | QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| StdInChI | |
| StdInChIKey | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | CHNO |
| Appearance | |
| Density | |
| Melting Point | |
| Boiling Point | |
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| Hazards | |
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| Autoignition Temperature | |
The allyl group is a functional group with the structural formula H₂C=CH−CH₂−. It is a common moiety in organic chemistry and is often encountered in various chemical compounds, including allyl chloride, allyl alcohol, and allyl isothiocyanate. The allyl group is characterized by the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond adjacent to a methylene group, which imparts unique chemical properties.
Structure and Bonding[edit | edit source]
The allyl group consists of a three-carbon chain with a double bond between the first and second carbon atoms. The presence of the double bond introduces a degree of unsaturation, which affects the reactivity of allyl-containing compounds. The carbon atoms in the allyl group are sp² hybridized, allowing for the formation of π-bonds.
Reactivity[edit | edit source]
The allyl group is known for its ability to participate in a variety of chemical reactions. One of the most notable reactions is the allylic substitution, where the hydrogen atom in the methylene group is replaced by another substituent. This reaction is facilitated by the resonance stabilization of the allyl radical or cation intermediates.
Allyl compounds can also undergo oxidation to form epoxides or allylic alcohols. The presence of the double bond allows for reactions such as hydroboration and epoxidation.
Applications[edit | edit source]
Allyl groups are found in many natural and synthetic compounds. They are used in the synthesis of polymers, pharmaceuticals, and flavoring agents. For example, allyl isothiocyanate is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard and horseradish.
Safety and Handling[edit | edit source]
Compounds containing allyl groups, such as allyl chloride, can be hazardous and require careful handling. They are often volatile and can be irritating to the skin and respiratory system. Proper safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, are essential when working with these substances.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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