Amatoxin

Amatoxin is a group of toxic compounds found in several species of mushrooms, most notably the deadly Amanita phalloides, also known as the death cap mushroom. These toxins are responsible for the majority of mushroom poisoning deaths.

Overview

Amatoxins are a group of at least eight related toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably the genus Amanita. The most potent amatoxins are α-amanitin, β-amanitin, and γ-amanitin. These toxins are responsible for 90% of all mushroom poisoning deaths.

Toxicity

Amatoxins are extremely toxic to humans and other animals. They inhibit RNA polymerase II, a vital enzyme in the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). Without these molecules, protein synthesis and hence cell metabolism stop and the cell dies.

Symptoms and Treatment

Symptoms of amatoxin poisoning include severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and kidney failure. There is no known antidote for amatoxin poisoning, and treatment is primarily supportive, including rehydration and treatment of kidney failure.

See Also

• Amanita phalloides
• Mushroom poisoning
• RNA polymerase II

References

Amatoxin Resources
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