Aminopyrine

Aminopyrine

Aminopyrine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that was historically used for its analgesic and antipyretic properties. It is a pyrazolone derivative and was once widely used for the treatment of pain and fever. However, due to its association with serious adverse effects, its use has been largely discontinued in many countries.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Aminopyrine, chemically known as 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine, is a derivative of antipyrine. It is characterized by the presence of a dimethylamino group attached to the pyrazolone ring. The chemical formula of aminopyrine is C13H17N3O, and it has a molecular weight of 231.3 g/mol.

Pharmacology

Aminopyrine acts by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation and pain, and their inhibition leads to the analgesic and antipyretic effects of aminopyrine.

Historical Use

Aminopyrine was first introduced in the early 20th century and was commonly used for the treatment of headaches, muscle pain, and fever. It was available in various formulations, including tablets and injectable forms.

Adverse Effects

One of the most significant adverse effects associated with aminopyrine is agranulocytosis, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a severe reduction in the number of white blood cells, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Due to this risk, aminopyrine has been withdrawn from the market in many countries.

Current Status

Due to the risk of agranulocytosis and the availability of safer alternatives, the use of aminopyrine has been largely abandoned. In some regions, it may still be used under strict medical supervision or for specific diagnostic purposes, such as the aminopyrine breath test, which is used to assess liver function.

See Also

• Antipyrine
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Agranulocytosis

External Links

• DrugBank: Aminopyrine