Amnion nodosum

Amnion Nodosum is a pathological condition that affects the amnion, the innermost layer of the placenta. It is characterized by the presence of nodules or granules on the amniotic surface of the placenta. These nodules are typically composed of squamous cells that have been shed from the fetus.

Etiology

The exact cause of amnion nodosum is not well understood. However, it is often associated with oligohydramnios, a condition characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid. This association suggests that amnion nodosum may be a response to an abnormal intrauterine environment.

Pathogenesis

The nodules in amnion nodosum are believed to be formed by the accumulation of squamous cells that have been shed from the fetal skin. These cells may accumulate due to a lack of amniotic fluid, which normally helps to disperse the cells throughout the amniotic cavity.

Clinical Significance

Amnion nodosum is often associated with poor fetal outcomes, including intrauterine growth restriction, premature birth, and stillbirth. However, it is not clear whether amnion nodosum is a cause of these outcomes, or simply a marker of an abnormal intrauterine environment.

Diagnosis

Amnion nodosum is typically diagnosed after birth, during examination of the placenta. The presence of nodules on the amniotic surface of the placenta is a characteristic finding.

Treatment

There is currently no specific treatment for amnion nodosum. Management is typically focused on addressing the underlying cause, such as treating oligohydramnios.

See Also

• Placenta
• Oligohydramnios
• Intrauterine growth restriction
• Premature birth
• Stillbirth