Anabolic-androgenic steroid

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), also known simply as anabolic steroids, are a class of hormones that includes the naturally occurring male sex hormone testosterone and its synthetic derivatives. They are anabolic and increase protein within cells, especially in skeletal muscles, and also have varying degrees of androgenic and virilizing effects, including induction of the development and maintenance of masculine secondary sexual characteristics such as the growth of facial and body hair.

History

The use of anabolic steroids can be traced back as far as the 1930s, when scientists were able to create a synthetic form of testosterone. This was used to treat conditions that were caused by low levels of the hormone, such as delayed puberty and impotence. The potential for performance enhancement in sports and physical activity was quickly realized, however, and by the 1950s, anabolic steroids were being used by athletes and bodybuilders.

Medical uses

Anabolic steroids are used in medicine for several purposes including the treatment of male hypogonadism, a condition where the body does not produce enough testosterone for normal growth, development, and sexual functioning. Other medical uses include the treatment of certain types of anemia, severe burns, and some types of breast cancer.

Side effects

The use of anabolic steroids can lead to several adverse effects, particularly if used in high doses or for extended periods of time. These can include cardiovascular diseases, liver damage, changes in mood and behavior, and changes in physical appearance.

Legal status

In many countries, including the United States, anabolic steroids are classified as controlled substances. This means that their use, possession, and distribution are subject to legal penalties. However, in some countries, anabolic steroids are legal to use for personal use, and are available over the counter.

See also

• Performance-enhancing drugs
• Doping in sport
• Testosterone