Angina decubitus

Angina Decubitus is a specific type of angina pectoris that occurs when an individual is in a lying down position. Unlike typical angina, which might be triggered by physical exertion or stress, angina decubitus manifests primarily during periods of rest. This condition is indicative of severe coronary artery disease (CAD) and suggests a significant obstruction in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of angina decubitus is chest pain while lying down, which may be relieved by sitting or standing up. This pain is often described as a pressing, squeezing, or suffocating sensation in the chest. It may also radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, or back. Other symptoms can include dyspnea (difficulty breathing), diaphoresis (sweating), and nausea.

Causes

Angina decubitus is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockages in the coronary arteries. When lying down, the distribution of blood volume changes, which can exacerbate the reduced blood flow in already narrowed arteries. This condition is more common in patients with advanced stages of CAD.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of angina decubitus involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Tests may include an electrocardiogram (ECG), which measures the heart's electrical activity, and stress testing. Coronary angiography may be performed to visualize the arteries and identify blockages.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and reducing the risk of heart attack. Medications such as nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms. Lifestyle changes, including diet, exercise, and smoking cessation, are also recommended. In severe cases, procedures like angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may be necessary to improve blood flow to the heart.

Prevention

Preventing angina decubitus involves managing risk factors for coronary artery disease. This includes maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, controlling hypertension and diabetes, and avoiding tobacco use.

See Also

• Angina Pectoris
• Coronary Artery Disease
• Electrocardiogram
• Coronary Angiography