Hereditary neurocutaneous angioma

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Hereditary neurocutaneous angioma
Synonyms
Pronounce
Specialty	Neurology, Dermatology
Symptoms	Angioma, cutaneous lesions, neurological symptoms
Complications
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Genetic mutation
Risks
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, genetic testing
Differential diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment	Symptomatic treatment, laser therapy
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency
Deaths

Hereditary Neurocutaneous Angioma

Hereditary neurocutaneous angioma is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the presence of vascular malformations in the skin and nervous system. This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that a single copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.

Clinical Features

Individuals with hereditary neurocutaneous angioma typically present with a variety of symptoms due to the involvement of both the skin and the nervous system. Common clinical features include:

• Cutaneous Angiomas: These are benign tumors formed by an abnormal collection of blood vessels. They can appear as red or purple marks on the skin and may vary in size and shape.
• Neurological Symptoms: Depending on the location and size of the angiomas in the nervous system, patients may experience headaches, seizures, or neurological deficits.
• Developmental Delays: Some individuals may exhibit delays in reaching developmental milestones, which can be attributed to the neurological involvement.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of hereditary neurocutaneous angioma involves mutations in genes responsible for the development and maintenance of blood vessels. These genetic mutations lead to the formation of abnormal vascular structures in the skin and brain. The exact genetic mutations involved in this condition are still under investigation, but they are believed to affect pathways that regulate angiogenesis and vascular stability.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hereditary neurocutaneous angioma is based on clinical evaluation, family history, and imaging studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to identify vascular malformations in the brain. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the genes associated with the condition.

Management

Management of hereditary neurocutaneous angioma is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Treatment options may include:

• Surgical Intervention: In cases where angiomas cause significant symptoms or complications, surgical removal may be considered.
• Medications: Anticonvulsants may be prescribed to manage seizures, and other medications may be used to address specific symptoms.
• Regular Monitoring: Patients require regular follow-up to monitor the progression of the condition and adjust treatment as necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with hereditary neurocutaneous angioma varies depending on the severity and location of the angiomas. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can improve quality of life and reduce the risk of complications.

See Also

• Neurocutaneous syndrome
• Angioma
• Genetic disorder
• Autosomal dominant