Angular cheilitis

Angular cheilitis, also referred to as perlèche or cheilosis, is an inflammatory condition that affects the corners of the mouth, causing redness, cracking or fissuring, and sometimes crust formation. It's a fairly common condition that can occur for a variety of reasons and can lead to significant discomfort for those affected.

Chelitis

Etiology and Risk Factors

Angular cheilitis can be triggered by a number of factors. It's often associated with fungal (most commonly Candida species) or bacterial infections, nutritional deficiencies (notably iron, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and zinc), mechanical factors such as dentures or lip-licking, and systemic conditions like diabetes mellitus or immune deficiencies. Individuals who are elderly or who have deep folds from weight loss or orthodontic changes are also more susceptible.

Clinical Presentation

Clinically, angular cheilitis is characterized by the appearance of erythema (redness), fissuring, and crusting at one or both corners of the mouth. It can be asymptomatic or associated with symptoms such as pain, burning, or itching.

Angular Cheilitis

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of angular cheilitis is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the lesions. In certain cases, laboratory tests such as cultures or biopsy may be required to identify the underlying cause or to rule out other similar appearing conditions.

Angular Cheilitis discoloration

Treatment

The treatment of angular cheilitis depends largely on the underlying cause. Antifungal or antibacterial creams are typically used when an infection is suspected. If a nutritional deficiency is identified, dietary modification or supplementation may be recommended. Furthermore, individuals with poorly fitting dentures may require dental adjustment. Moisturizers and barrier creams can also help to alleviate symptoms and protect the area from further damage.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for angular cheilitis include maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding licking of the lips, ensuring dentures fit properly, and maintaining a balanced diet rich in essential vitamins and minerals.

Conclusion

Angular cheilitis is a common condition that can cause significant discomfort. By understanding the potential causes, appropriate treatments, and prevention strategies, healthcare professionals can better manage this condition and improve patients' quality of life.

References

Angular cheilitis Resources
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