Vasopressin

Vasopressin labeled

Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a critical hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a significant role in maintaining the body's water balance and blood pressure.

Physiology

Vasopressin production is primarily triggered when the body's cells are dehydrated, which is detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus. Once released, vasopressin acts on the kidneys to reabsorb water back into the bloodstream, thereby concentrating the urine and maintaining fluid balance.

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Clinical Significance

Vasopressin plays a vital role in many pathological conditions. In diabetes insipidus, the deficiency or ineffective action of vasopressin results in the excessive production of dilute urine. Conversely, excess vasopressin can lead to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), causing fluid retention and hyponatremia.

In addition to its role in fluid balance, vasopressin is also used clinically to increase blood pressure in certain forms of shock, such as septic shock. Its vasoconstrictive properties cause the constriction of blood vessels, thereby increasing vascular resistance and blood pressure.

Research

Research on vasopressin extends beyond its classical functions. Emerging evidence suggests that it might play a role in social behavior, memory, and learning due to its presence in the brain. However, these roles remain areas of active research.

See Also

• Diabetes insipidus
• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland
• Septic shock

References

Vasopressin Resources
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