Aplastic anaemia

Aplastic anaemia is a rare, serious blood disorder where the body's bone marrow fails to produce enough new blood cells. This condition can occur at any age and can be acute or chronic. Aplastic anaemia leaves an individual feeling fatigued, with higher susceptibility to infections and uncontrolled bleeding.

Causes

Aplastic anaemia can be caused by exposure to certain toxins such as pesticides, radiation therapy, chemotherapy drugs, and certain antibiotics. It can also be caused by autoimmune diseases and may be inherited. However, in many cases, the cause of aplastic anaemia remains unknown, a condition referred to as idiopathic aplastic anaemia.

Symptoms

The symptoms of aplastic anaemia can vary from person to person. They may include fatigue, shortness of breath, skin pallor, frequent or severe infections, easy bruising or bleeding, and dizziness or headache.

Diagnosis

Aplastic anaemia is diagnosed through medical history, physical examination, and certain laboratory tests. These tests may include a complete blood count (CBC), a reticulocyte count, and a bone marrow biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment for aplastic anaemia may include blood transfusions, blood and marrow stem cell transplants, and medications. These treatments aim to increase the number of healthy blood cells in the body, reduce symptoms, and prevent complications.

Prognosis

The prognosis for aplastic anaemia varies depending on its cause and severity, as well as the health and age of the individual. With treatment, most people with aplastic anaemia can expect to lead a normal life. However, if left untreated, aplastic anaemia can be life-threatening.

See also

• Pancytopenia
• Myelodysplastic syndrome
• Fanconi anaemia