Apolar
Concept in chemistry
Apolar
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Apolar refers to a type of chemical compound or molecule that does not have a significant dipole moment. This means that the distribution of electrons within the molecule is relatively even, and there are no regions of partial positive or negative charge. Apolar molecules are typically nonpolar and do not mix well with polar substances such as water.
Characteristics[edit | edit source]
Apolar molecules are characterized by their lack of polarity. This is often due to the symmetrical arrangement of atoms within the molecule, which cancels out any potential dipole moments. Common examples of apolar molecules include hydrocarbons like methane, ethane, and benzene.
Interactions[edit | edit source]
Apolar molecules interact primarily through van der Waals forces, which are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary dipoles induced in atoms or molecules. These interactions are much weaker than the hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds found in polar substances.
Solubility[edit | edit source]
Apolar substances are generally soluble in other apolar solvents. This is summarized by the principle "like dissolves like," meaning that nonpolar substances tend to dissolve well in nonpolar solvents. For example, oil (an apolar substance) is soluble in hexane (another apolar substance) but not in water.
Applications[edit | edit source]
Apolar compounds are widely used in various industries. In the pharmaceutical industry, they are often used as solvents for nonpolar drugs. In the cosmetics industry, apolar substances like certain oils and waxes are used in formulations to provide moisture and texture.
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