Apomict

Reproduction without fertilization

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Apomict
Kingdom:	Plantae
Phylum:
Class:
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Rosaceae

Apomict refers to a plant that reproduces through apomixis, a form of asexual reproduction that occurs without fertilization. This process allows plants to produce seeds that are genetically identical to the parent plant, bypassing the typical sexual reproduction mechanisms involving meiosis and syngamy.

Types of Apomixis

Apomixis can be classified into several types, including:

• Gametophytic apomixis: In this type, the embryo sac develops from an unreduced cell, meaning it retains the full set of chromosomes.
• Adventitious embryony: Here, embryos form directly from somatic cells of the ovule, bypassing the formation of an embryo sac.
• Parthenogenesis: This involves the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell.

Mechanism

The mechanism of apomixis involves the suppression of meiosis and the development of an embryo from an unreduced egg cell or somatic cell. This process can be advantageous in maintaining desirable traits in cultivated plants and can be used in plant breeding programs to produce uniform and stable plant varieties.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

• Genetic Uniformity: Apomictic reproduction ensures that offspring are genetically identical to the parent, preserving desirable traits.
• Reproductive Assurance: Apomixis can occur without the need for pollinators, ensuring seed production even in the absence of suitable pollination conditions.

Disadvantages

• Lack of Genetic Diversity: The lack of genetic variation can make apomictic populations more susceptible to diseases and environmental changes.
• Potential for Reduced Adaptability: Without genetic recombination, apomictic plants may have reduced ability to adapt to changing environments.

Examples of Apomictic Plants

Several plant species exhibit apomixis, including:

• Dandelion (Taraxacum)
• Hawthorn (Crataegus)
• Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)

Applications in Agriculture

Apomixis has significant potential in agriculture, particularly in the production of hybrid crops. By harnessing apomixis, breeders can produce hybrid seeds that retain the hybrid vigor over successive generations without the need for repeated cross-breeding.

See Also

• Asexual reproduction
• Clonal reproduction
• Plant breeding
• Hybrid vigor

Related Pages

• Gametophytic apomixis
• Adventitious embryony
• Parthenogenesis
• Dandelion
• Hawthorn
• Kentucky bluegrass