Appendix of testis

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Appendix of testis

The appendix of testis (also known as the hydatid of Morgagni) is a vestigial remnant of the Müllerian duct located on the upper pole of the testis, attached to the tunica vaginalis. It is a small, pedunculated structure that is present in approximately 90% of males.

Anatomy

The appendix of testis is typically a small, cystic structure that can vary in size. It is usually found on the superior aspect of the testis, near the head of the epididymis. The structure is lined by a layer of cuboidal epithelium and is filled with a clear, serous fluid.

Embryology

The appendix of testis is a remnant of the Müllerian duct, which in males regresses during embryonic development due to the influence of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) produced by the Sertoli cells of the testis. In females, the Müllerian duct develops into structures such as the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper portion of the vagina.

Clinical Significance

The appendix of testis is generally asymptomatic and is often discovered incidentally during ultrasound examinations or surgical procedures. However, it can sometimes become twisted, leading to a condition known as torsion of the appendix testis. This can cause acute scrotal pain and may mimic the symptoms of testicular torsion, a more serious condition. Torsion of the appendix testis is most common in prepubertal boys and can be diagnosed with Doppler ultrasound.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of torsion of the appendix testis is typically made through clinical examination and imaging studies such as ultrasound. The condition is usually self-limiting and can be managed with conservative treatment, including analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. In rare cases, surgical removal of the appendix of testis may be necessary if symptoms persist or complications arise.

See Also

• Testis
• Epididymis
• Müllerian duct
• Testicular torsion
• Ultrasound