Architrave

9607 - Milano - Sant'Ambrogio - Facciata - Architrave portale sin. - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto 25-Apr-2007

Spoleto SSalvatore Architrave1

Architrave is an architectural term referring to the main beam or lintel that rests directly above the columns, supporting the structure above it, such as the entablature or a series of lintels. Originating from the ancient Greek architecture, the architrave has been a fundamental element in classical and neoclassical architecture, serving both structural and decorative purposes. It is commonly found in the classical orders of architecture, including the Doric order, Ionic order, and Corinthian order, each having distinct variations in the design and detailing of the architrave.

Definition

An architrave is defined as the lowest part of the entablature in classical architecture. It acts as a beam that spans the space between columns or piers, providing support for the structure above. In a broader sense, the term can also refer to any horizontal or main beam that spans an opening, such as a door or window, often adorned with decorative moldings.

Historical Development

The use of architraves dates back to ancient Greece, where they were a key element in the construction of temples and public buildings. The simplicity of the Doric architrave, consisting of a plain beam, evolved into more complex forms in the Ionic and Corinthian orders, where the architrave is often divided into two or three fasciae (horizontal bands), each projecting beyond the one below.

In Roman architecture, the architrave was further embellished with decorative carvings, incorporating motifs such as egg-and-dart or dentil moldings. The adaptation of the architrave in Roman architecture influenced its use in later architectural styles, including Renaissance architecture, Baroque architecture, and Neoclassical architecture.

Architectural Elements

The architrave plays a crucial role in the structure and aesthetics of a building. It serves as a transitional element between the vertical supports (columns or piers) and the horizontal elements of the entablature, which may include the frieze and the cornice. The design and ornamentation of the architrave vary according to the architectural order and style, reflecting the principles and aesthetics of the period.

Modern Usage

In contemporary architecture, the term architrave is often used to describe the molding around a door or window frame. While not bearing the same structural load as its classical counterpart, the modern architrave serves a decorative purpose, framing the opening and providing a finished look to the interior or exterior of a building.

See Also

• Entablature
• Column
• Lintel
• Classical order
• Greek architecture
• Roman architecture