Frieze

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Decorative emblems The Circus Bath

Ornate molding frieze at Hoysaleshwara temple, Halebidu

Yankee-stadium-frieze

Achaemenid Lotus and Palmette scroll

Frieze is an architectural term referring to the wide central section part of an entablature and may also refer to a long, decorative band of sculpture that is often placed near the ceiling or high on the walls of a room or building. Originating in Classical architecture, friezes are a prominent feature in Ancient Greek architecture and Roman architecture, serving both decorative and functional purposes. They are commonly found in classical, neoclassical, and various revival architectural styles, extending their influence into modern architectural practices.

History and Description

The concept of the frieze has its roots in the architecture of ancient civilizations, notably among the Greeks and Romans. In classical orders, the frieze is situated above the architrave and below the cornice in the entablature, which is the superstructure of moldings and bands that lies horizontally above columns. The frieze itself can be plain, as often seen in the Doric order, or decorated with bas-reliefs, as is typical in the Ionic order and the Corinthian order. The most famous example of a sculptured frieze is perhaps the Parthenon frieze, which encircles the upper part of the Parthenon's naos and is considered a high point of Greek art.

Types of Friezes

There are several types of friezes, including: - Decorative frieze: This type involves a continuous band of painted, sculpted or even wallpapered decoration. It often depicts scenes from mythology, history, or daily life. - Pulvinated frieze: A frieze that is convex in profile, giving it a bulged appearance. This type is often found in Baroque architecture. - Doric frieze: Characterized by alternating triglyphs (vertical grooves) and metopes. The metopes are often sculpted with relief figures or motifs. - Ionic frieze: Unlike the Doric, the Ionic frieze usually runs continuously, often adorned with relief sculptures depicting various scenes.

Function and Symbolism

The frieze in architecture not only serves an aesthetic purpose but also often carries symbolic meaning. In ancient Greece, the sculpted friezes on temples and public buildings depicted scenes from mythology or significant historical events, serving as a narrative tool that conveyed cultural values and stories to the populace. In other contexts, friezes can symbolize the wealth and status of the building's owner, or simply serve to enhance the beauty and harmony of the architecture.

Modern Usage

In modern architecture, friezes have evolved beyond their classical origins. While still used in neoclassical and revivalist buildings, contemporary friezes might be made from a variety of materials, including metal, glass, or even digital screens. These modern interpretations can serve as homage to their classical roots while simultaneously pushing the boundaries of architectural design.

See Also

• Entablature
• Classical order
• Bas-relief
• Architectural sculpture