Arterial dissection

Arterial Dissection is a medical condition characterized by a tear in the inner lining of an artery. This tear allows blood to flow between the layers of the artery wall, causing the layers to separate or 'dissect'. Arterial dissection can occur in any artery, but is most commonly seen in the aorta, the main artery leaving the heart.

Causes

Arterial dissection can be caused by a variety of factors. These include hypertension (high blood pressure), atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Trauma to the artery, such as from a car accident or a fall, can also cause arterial dissection.

Symptoms

The symptoms of arterial dissection can vary depending on the artery affected. For example, aortic dissection can cause severe chest or back pain, while carotid artery dissection can cause stroke symptoms such as sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body. Other symptoms can include dizziness, fainting, and rapid heartbeat.

Diagnosis

Arterial dissection is typically diagnosed through imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound. Blood tests may also be used to check for signs of damage to the heart or other organs.

Treatment

Treatment for arterial dissection depends on the severity and location of the dissection. Options can include medication to lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate, surgery to repair the dissection, or stenting to support the artery wall.

Prognosis

The prognosis for arterial dissection can vary widely depending on the location and severity of the dissection, as well as the patient's overall health. With prompt treatment, many people can recover fully. However, arterial dissection can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

See Also

• Aneurysm
• Stroke
• Marfan syndrome
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome