Arthrodia

Arthrodia

Arthrodia, also known as a gliding joint or plane joint, is a type of synovial joint found in the human body. These joints are characterized by the flat or slightly curved surfaces of the articulating bones, which allow them to glide past one another in any direction along the plane of the joint. This type of joint permits limited movement, primarily in the form of sliding or translational motion.

Structure

Arthrodial joints are composed of several key components:

• Articular Cartilage: The surfaces of the bones in an arthrodial joint are covered with a thin layer of hyaline cartilage. This cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock during movement.

• Synovial Membrane: This membrane lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and nourishes the articular cartilage.

• Joint Capsule: A fibrous capsule surrounds the joint, providing stability and enclosing the synovial membrane and fluid.

• Ligaments: These are bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones and provide additional stability to the joint.

Function

The primary function of arthrodial joints is to allow bones to glide over one another, facilitating movements such as:

• Flexion and Extension: Although limited, these joints can contribute to the bending and straightening of limbs.

• Abduction and Adduction: Movement away from or towards the midline of the body.

• Rotation: Some arthrodial joints allow for slight rotational movement.

Examples

Arthrodial joints are found in various locations in the body, including:

• Intercarpal Joints: These are found between the carpal bones of the wrist.

• Intertarsal Joints: Located between the tarsal bones of the foot.

• Acromioclavicular Joint: This joint is between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle.

Clinical Significance

Arthrodial joints, like other synovial joints, can be affected by various conditions, such as:

• Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease that can affect the cartilage of arthrodial joints, leading to pain and reduced mobility.

• Joint Dislocation: Although less common in arthrodial joints due to their limited range of motion, dislocations can occur, particularly in the acromioclavicular joint.

Also see

• Synovial joint
• Hyaline cartilage
• Ligament
• Osteoarthritis
• Acromioclavicular joint

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