Arthrosis

Arthrosis
Other names	Osteoarthritis
Specialty	Rheumatology, Orthopedics
Symptoms	Joint pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion
Usual onset	Middle age
Duration	Long term
Causes	Wear and tear, genetics, obesity, joint injury
Risk factors	Age, obesity, joint injuries, genetics
Diagnostic method	Based on symptoms, confirmed with X-rays or MRI
Prevention	Weight management, exercise, avoiding joint injury
Treatment	Lifestyle changes, medications, surgery
Medication	Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs
Prognosis	Variable
Frequency	Common in elderly

Arthrosis, also known as Osteoarthritis, is a type of joint disease that results from the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. The most common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness. Initially, symptoms may occur only following exercise, but over time may become constant. Other symptoms may include joint swelling, decreased range of motion, and when the back is affected, weakness or numbness of the arms and legs.

Causes

The primary cause of arthrosis is the breakdown of cartilage due to wear and tear, which can be exacerbated by several factors including:

• Aging: The risk of developing arthrosis increases with age.
• Obesity: Excess body weight can increase stress on joints, particularly weight-bearing ones such as the hips and knees.
• Joint injuries: Injuries, such as those that occur during sports or accidents, can increase the risk of arthrosis.
• Genetics: Some people inherit a tendency to develop arthrosis.

Pathophysiology

In arthrosis, the cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones within the joints deteriorates over time. As the cartilage wears down, the bone surfaces between joints become less protected, leading to pain and restricted movement. This deterioration can lead to bone rubbing on bone, spur formation, and decreased function.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of arthrosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging tests. A physician will take a medical history and perform a physical examination. Imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI scans, are used to view the condition of the joints.

Treatment

While there is no cure for arthrosis, the symptoms can be managed. Treatment strategies may include:

• Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss and exercise to reduce stress on joints.
• Medications to manage pain and inflammation, including over-the-counter pain relievers and prescription medications.
• Physical therapy to improve joint function.
• Surgical interventions, such as joint replacement, in severe cases.

Prevention

Preventive measures for arthrosis include maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular exercise, and avoiding joint trauma. Early diagnosis and treatment can also prevent further joint deterioration.

Epidemiology

Arthrosis is the most common form of arthritis and is a leading cause of disability among older adults. It affects millions of people worldwide and is more common in women than in men.