Arthur Thomson (physician)

Arthur Thomson
Born	March 21, 1858 Edinburgh, Scotland
Died	February 7, 1935 Oxford, England
Nationality	Scottish
Occupation	Anatomist, Professor
Known for	Contributions to anatomy and anthropology

Arthur Thomson (March 21, 1858 – February 7, 1935) was a prominent Scottish anatomist and anthropologist known for his significant contributions to the field of human anatomy and his role as a professor at the University of Oxford.

Early Life and Education

Arthur Thomson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, where he developed an early interest in the natural sciences. He pursued his education at the University of Edinburgh, where he studied under some of the leading figures in anatomy and medicine of the time. Thomson graduated with a degree in medicine, which laid the foundation for his future career in anatomy and anthropology.

Academic Career

Thomson began his academic career as a lecturer in anatomy at the University of Edinburgh. His work in anatomy was characterized by meticulous research and a deep understanding of the human body. In 1885, he was appointed as the Professor of Anatomy at the University of Oxford, a position he held until his retirement in 1933.

During his tenure at Oxford, Thomson was instrumental in advancing the study of anatomy and anthropology. He was known for his engaging lectures and his ability to inspire students to pursue careers in the medical sciences. Thomson's research focused on the anatomical variations in humans, and he made significant contributions to the understanding of human evolution and anthropology.

Contributions to Anatomy and Anthropology

Arthur Thomson is perhaps best known for "Thomson's Nose Rule", which posits that the shape of the human nose is an adaptation to the climate. According to this rule, populations in colder climates tend to have narrower noses, while those in warmer climates have broader noses. This observation was part of his broader interest in the relationship between human anatomy and environmental factors.

Thomson also contributed to the study of human evolution, examining the anatomical differences between various human populations and their evolutionary significance. His work laid the groundwork for future research in physical anthropology and evolutionary biology.

Legacy

Arthur Thomson's legacy in the fields of anatomy and anthropology is marked by his dedication to teaching and research. He trained numerous students who went on to become influential figures in the medical and scientific communities. His work continues to be referenced in studies of human anatomical variation and adaptation.

Also see

• Anatomy
• Anthropology
• Human evolution
• University of Oxford
• Thomson's Nose Rule