Aschoff bodies

Aschoff bodies are a specific type of histopathological lesion found in the heart tissue, particularly in cases of rheumatic fever. Named after the German pathologist Karl Aschoff, who first described them in 1904, Aschoff bodies are a key diagnostic feature of rheumatic heart disease.

Overview

Aschoff bodies are essentially small nodules or collections of cells, typically found in the connective tissue of the heart. They are composed of a central area of necrotic material, surrounded by a layer of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The presence of these cells indicates an ongoing immune response.

Pathogenesis

The formation of Aschoff bodies is thought to be a response to the streptococcal infection that triggers rheumatic fever. The body's immune system mistakenly attacks the heart tissue, causing inflammation and damage. This results in the formation of Aschoff bodies, which are essentially areas of localized inflammation and cell death.

Clinical Significance

The presence of Aschoff bodies in a heart tissue sample is a key diagnostic feature of rheumatic heart disease. However, they are not exclusive to this condition and can also be found in other forms of myocarditis. Despite this, their presence in a patient with a history of streptococcal infection and symptoms of rheumatic fever is highly suggestive of this diagnosis.

See Also

• Rheumatic fever
• Rheumatic heart disease
• Histopathology
• Karl Aschoff

References

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