Ashura

Ashura

Ashura is an important day in the Islamic calendar, observed on the 10th day of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic lunar calendar. It holds significant religious and historical importance for both Sunni and Shia Muslims, though the nature of the observance differs between the two sects.

Historical Significance

Sunni Islam

In Sunni Islam, Ashura is observed as a day of fasting and reflection. It is believed to be the day when the Prophet Moses and the Israelites were saved from Pharaoh's tyranny by the parting of the Red Sea. The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have fasted on this day and encouraged others to do so, as a way of commemorating this divine intervention.

Shia Islam

For Shia Muslims, Ashura is a day of mourning and remembrance, marking the martyrdom of Imam Hussein ibn Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, at the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE. Imam Hussein's stand against the Umayyad caliph Yazid is seen as a symbol of the struggle against injustice and tyranny. The events of Karbala are central to Shia identity and are commemorated with passion plays, processions, and recitations of elegies.

Observances

Sunni Practices

Sunni Muslims may observe Ashura by fasting, performing additional prayers, and engaging in acts of charity. The fast of Ashura is considered a way to atone for sins committed in the previous year.

Shia Practices

Shia Muslims participate in mourning rituals, which include public processions, reenactments of the Battle of Karbala, and the recitation of poetry and sermons that recount the events of Ashura. Many Shia communities also engage in acts of self-flagellation or bloodletting as a form of penance and solidarity with Imam Hussein's suffering.

Cultural Impact

Ashura has a profound cultural impact in countries with significant Muslim populations. In places like Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Pakistan, Ashura is a public holiday, and large-scale commemorations are held. The day is marked by a somber atmosphere, with many businesses closed and public gatherings focused on religious observance.

Also see

• Muharram
• Imam Hussein
• Battle of Karbala
• Sunni Islam
• Shia Islam