Ateline gammaherpesvirus 3

Ateline gammaherpesvirus 3

Ateline gammaherpesvirus 3 is a species of virus in the genus Gammaherpesvirus, which is part of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae within the family Herpesviridae. This virus is known to infect New World primates, specifically those in the family Atelidae, which includes howler monkeys, spider monkeys, and woolly monkeys.

Virology

Ateline gammaherpesvirus 3 is a double-stranded DNA virus, characteristic of the herpesvirus family. Like other gammaherpesviruses, it establishes latent infections in lymphoid tissues and can reactivate under certain conditions. The virus is primarily lymphotropic, meaning it has a predilection for infecting lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.

Genome

The genome of Ateline gammaherpesvirus 3 is composed of linear double-stranded DNA. It contains several open reading frames (ORFs) that encode for proteins involved in viral replication, latency, and immune evasion. The genome organization is similar to other gammaherpesviruses, with conserved genes that are homologous to those found in other members of the subfamily.

Pathogenesis

In its natural hosts, Ateline gammaherpesvirus 3 can cause asymptomatic infections or mild disease. However, in immunocompromised individuals or under stress conditions, the virus may reactivate and lead to more severe disease manifestations. The exact pathogenic mechanisms are still under investigation, but it is believed that the virus can manipulate host immune responses to establish and maintain latency.

Epidemiology

Ateline gammaherpesvirus 3 is primarily found in Central and South America, where its primate hosts reside. The virus is transmitted horizontally between individuals, likely through close contact or bodily fluids. The prevalence of infection in wild primate populations is not well-documented, but it is assumed to be widespread given the close social structures of these animals.

Research and Implications

Studying Ateline gammaherpesvirus 3 provides insights into the evolution and biology of gammaherpesviruses. It also helps in understanding the interactions between viruses and their primate hosts, which can have implications for zoonotic diseases and conservation efforts. Research on this virus can contribute to the broader understanding of herpesvirus latency, reactivation, and immune evasion strategies.

Also see

• Gammaherpesvirus
• Herpesviridae
• Viral latency
• Zoonotic diseases