Attar of Nishapur

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Attar of Nishapur (Persian: عطار نیشابوری), also known as Farid ud-Din Attar, was a Persian Sufi poet, hagiographer, and theoretician of mysticism. He was born in Nishapur, in what is today Iran, during the 12th century. Attar is considered one of the most significant figures in Persian literature and Sufism.

Biography

Attar was born in 1145 or 1146 in Nishapur, a city in the Khorasan region. His full name was Abu Hamid bin Abu Bakr Ibrahim. He was initially trained as a pharmacist and worked in his father's pharmacy. The name "Attar" means "apothecary" in Persian, reflecting his early profession.

Works

Attar's most famous work is the Mantiq al-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds), a Sufi allegorical poem that describes the journey of birds in search of the mythical Simurgh. Other notable works include Asrar Nama (The Book of Secrets), Elahi Nama (The Book of God), and Tadhkirat al-Awliya (Memorial of the Saints).

The Conference of the Birds

The Conference of the Birds is a Sufi allegory that uses the journey of birds to illustrate the spiritual path towards enlightenment. The birds, led by the hoopoe, embark on a quest to find the Simurgh, symbolizing the divine. The poem is renowned for its rich symbolism and profound spiritual insights.

Tadhkirat al-Awliya

Tadhkirat al-Awliya is a collection of biographies of Sufi saints. It provides valuable insights into the lives and teachings of early Sufi figures and is considered an important source for the study of Sufism.

Influence

Attar's works have had a profound influence on Persian literature and Sufism. His poetry has inspired many later poets, including Rumi, who regarded Attar as a significant influence. Attar's allegorical and mystical themes continue to resonate in Sufi literature and practice.

Death

Attar is believed to have died in 1221 during the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia. His tomb is located in Nishapur and remains a site of pilgrimage for many.

Legacy

Attar's legacy endures through his contributions to Persian literature and Sufism. His works are studied and revered for their spiritual depth and literary excellence. Attar's influence extends beyond Persia, impacting Sufi thought and literature across the Islamic world.

See also

• Rumi
• Sufism
• Persian literature
• Nishapur
• Simurgh