Autoimmune gastritis

Autoimmune gastritis is a chronic inflammatory disease where the immune system attacks the stomach lining, leading to atrophy of the stomach's mucosal lining. This condition is also known as type A gastritis or atrophic gastritis.

Etiology

The exact cause of autoimmune gastritis is unknown, but it is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The condition is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against parietal cells and intrinsic factor, which are components of the stomach lining. These autoantibodies interfere with the absorption of vitamin B12, leading to pernicious anemia, a common complication of autoimmune gastritis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of autoimmune gastritis can vary widely among individuals. Some people may be asymptomatic, while others may experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. In severe cases, individuals may develop symptoms of anemia, such as fatigue, weakness, and pallor.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis is typically made through a combination of clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Endoscopy with biopsy is often performed to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of gastric atrophy.

Treatment

Treatment for autoimmune gastritis primarily involves managing the symptoms and complications of the disease. This may include supplementation with vitamin B12 to correct pernicious anemia, and medications to reduce stomach acid and relieve symptoms.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with autoimmune gastritis is generally good with appropriate management. However, individuals with this condition have an increased risk of developing gastric cancer and should therefore be monitored closely.

See also

• Gastritis
• Autoimmune disease
• Pernicious anemia
• Gastric cancer