Azimuth

Azimuth-Altitude schematic

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True North Mount Allen.fw

Bearing and azimuth along the geodesic

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Brunton

Azimuth is a fundamental concept in the fields of navigation, astronomy, engineering, and geography. It is an angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system. The azimuth is the angle between a reference direction (usually true north) and a point, with the observer considered as the vertex. It is typically measured in degrees (°) from the north direction clockwise around the observer's horizon.

Definition

In more technical terms, azimuth is the measure of the direction of a celestial body or terrestrial feature from the observer, expressed as the angular distance from a north base line or meridian. It is one of the two angles used to give the position of any point on the Earth's surface, the other being elevation.

Measurement

Azimuth is measured in degrees from 0° to 360°. North is traditionally considered 0°, east is 90°, south is 180°, and west is 270°. This system of angular measurement is used in various applications, including compass navigation, satellite dish installation, and in the aiming of directional antennas.

Applications

1. 1. 1. Navigation###

In navigation, azimuth is used to find the direction to a destination or to orient a map. It is crucial for wayfinding and in the operation of various navigational instruments, such as the compass and GPS devices.

1. 1. 1. Astronomy###

In astronomy, the azimuth of a celestial body is the angle between the vertical plane containing it and the plane of the meridian. It is an essential component in the horizontal coordinate system, which is used to locate objects in the sky.

1. 1. 1. Surveying###

In surveying, azimuths are used to establish the bearings of lines between survey points. It is a critical measurement for creating accurate maps and for property boundary determinations.

1. 1. 1. Military###

The military uses azimuth for targeting and in the orientation of defensive positions. It is a key element in the operation of artillery and in the guidance of missiles.

Calculation

The calculation of azimuth can vary depending on the application. In basic terms, it can be calculated using trigonometry, given the coordinates of two points. For celestial objects, the calculation also involves the observer's location and the time of observation due to the Earth's rotation.

See Also

• Bearing (navigation)
• Horizontal coordinate system
• Celestial navigation
• Compass
• Geographic coordinate system

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