BENTA disease
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| BENTA disease | |
|---|---|
| File:Autosomal Dominant Inheritance.jpeg | |
| Synonyms | B cell expansion with NF-κB and T cell anergy |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | Immunology |
| Symptoms | Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, recurrent infections |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Infancy |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Mutations in the CARD11 gene |
| Risks | Family history of the disease |
| Diagnosis | Genetic testing, clinical evaluation |
| Differential diagnosis | Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, X-linked lymphoproliferative disease |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Immunoglobulin therapy, antibiotics for infections |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depending on severity and management |
| Frequency | Extremely rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
BENTA disease is a rare genetic disorder affecting the immune system. The acronym BENTA stands for "B cell expansion with NF-κB and T cell anergy." It is characterized by a germline heterozygous gain-of-function mutation in the CARD11 gene (OMIM entry #607210). This disorder manifests as polyclonal B cell lymphocytosis beginning in infancy, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, mild immunodeficiency, and an increased risk of lymphoma.
Causes[edit]
BENTA disease is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the CARD11 gene. These mutations lead to an increase in NF-κB signaling, which is crucial for immune cell activation and survival. The mutations are heterozygous, meaning only one of the two copies of the gene in each cell is altered.
Characteristics[edit]
The primary characteristics of BENTA disease include:
- Polyclonal B cell lymphocytosis with onset in infancy
- Splenomegaly
- Lymphadenopathy
- Mild immunodeficiency
- Increased risk of lymphoma
Patients may exhibit symptoms related to the enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as recurrent infections due to immunodeficiency.
History[edit]
BENTA disease was first characterized in 2012 by investigators Andrew L. Snow and Michael J. Lenardo at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Their groundbreaking work identified the underlying genetic mutations responsible for the disorder and its primary effects on the immune system.
Current Research[edit]
Dr. Andrew L. Snow, now at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, continues to study BENTA disease. Current research efforts are focused on understanding the precise mechanisms by which CARD11 mutations lead to the disease's characteristic immune abnormalities and exploring potential therapeutic strategies to manage or cure it.
External Links[edit]
- OMIM Entry #607210
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
