Bacteriohopanepolyol

Bacteriohopanepolyol (often abbreviated as BHP) is a class of organic compounds that are produced primarily by bacteria. These compounds are pentacyclic triterpenoids and are structurally similar to hopanoids, which are produced by plants. BHPs are found in a wide range of environments, including soils, marine sediments, and modern microbial mats. They are often used as biomarkers in paleontological studies to provide information about the bacteria present in ancient environments.

Structure and Synthesis

BHPs are composed of a hopane skeleton, which consists of four six-membered rings and one five-membered ring. The structure can be modified by the addition of functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups, methyl groups, and carboxyl groups. The synthesis of BHPs is carried out by the enzyme squalene-hopene cyclase, which is found in bacteria.

Function

The function of BHPs in bacteria is not fully understood. However, it is thought that they may play a role in maintaining the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane, particularly under stress conditions. Some studies have suggested that BHPs may also have a role in protecting bacteria from oxidative stress.

Use in Paleontology

BHPs are often used as biomarkers in paleontological studies. Because they are resistant to degradation, they can persist in the environment for millions of years. By analyzing the BHPs present in ancient sediments, scientists can gain insights into the types of bacteria that were present in the past. This can provide valuable information about past environmental conditions and the evolution of life on Earth.

See Also

• Biomarker (geology)
• Triterpenoid
• Hopanoid