Cat-scratch disease

Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. This condition is most commonly transmitted to humans through scratches, bites, or licks from an infected cat, typically a kitten. Following infection, patients may experience a range of symptoms including a blister or bump at the site of the wound, lymph node swelling, fever, fatigue, headaches, and sore throat.

Cat-scratch-disease

Cat-scratch disease lesion

Cat scratch disease -a- high mag

Etiology and Transmission

The primary causative agent of cat-scratch disease is the bacterium Bartonella henselae, which is typically harbored in the saliva of infected cats. The bacterium can be transmitted to humans through a cat scratch, bite, or even a lick on an open wound. It has been estimated that about 40% of cats carry B. henselae at some point in their lives, with kittens being more likely to be carriers.

Clinical Manifestations

The initial symptom of cat-scratch disease typically presents as a small bump or blister at the site of the cat scratch or bite. Within one to three weeks of the initial wound, patients may experience swelling and tenderness of the lymph nodes near the wound site. Other common symptoms include fever, fatigue, headaches, and less commonly, a sore throat. In rare cases, the disease can cause more serious complications, such as encephalopathy or neuroretinitis.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of cat-scratch disease is often based on clinical presentation and a history of exposure to cats. Laboratory tests such as serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or culture of the organism can help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment primarily involves supportive care, as the disease is often self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals. However, in some cases, antibiotics such as azithromycin may be prescribed. For more serious complications, hospitalization and more aggressive treatment may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of cat-scratch disease involves avoiding rough play with cats, especially kittens, that may lead to scratches or bites. Washing hands after playing with cats, and cleaning any cat-inflicted wounds promptly and thoroughly can also help prevent infection. As of now, there is no vaccine available for Bartonella henselae.

See Also

• Bartonellosis
• Zoonosis
• Trench Fever

References

Cat-scratch disease Resources
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