Bern

Untertorbrücke Tschachtlanchronik

MerianBern

Johann Heinrich Müller, 1825-1894 H01b Bern

Bern luftaufnahme

Bern 2

Bern is the de facto capital of Switzerland, known as the "Federal City" (Bundesstadt in German). It is located in the western-central part of the country and is the fourth-most populous city in Switzerland, following Zurich, Geneva, and Basel. The official language of Bern is German, but the main spoken language is the Alemannic Swiss German dialect called Bernese German.

History

The history of Bern dates back to the 12th century, with its foundation by Duke Berchtold V of Zähringen in 1191. According to legend, the city was named after the first animal Berchtold hunted in the area, a bear, which is reflected in Bern's coat of arms. Bern became a Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire in 1218 and joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1353. It played a significant role in the development of Switzerland's democratic traditions and was declared the federal capital in 1848, following the formation of the Swiss Federal State.

Geography

Bern is situated on a peninsula formed by the meandering turns of the River Aare. The city covers an area of approximately 51.62 square kilometers, with a diverse landscape that includes urban areas, forests, and rivers. The Bernese Alps can be seen from various points in the city, providing a picturesque backdrop.

Government

As the federal capital, Bern is the seat of the Swiss Federal Assembly (the federal parliament) and the Federal Council (the executive). This makes it the center of Swiss federal administration and politics. Despite its national significance, Bern operates its own local government with a parliamentary system and a mayor as the head of the executive branch.

Culture and Tourism

Bern is renowned for its well-preserved medieval city center, which has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983. Key attractions include the Zytglogge (an ancient clock tower with moving puppets), the Bern Minster (a Gothic cathedral), and the Federal Palace of Switzerland, where the national parliament meets. The city is also home to the Bern Bear Park, reflecting the bear's symbolic association with Bern.

Bern's cultural offerings include several museums like the Bern Historical Museum, the Zentrum Paul Klee, and the Swiss Museum of Communication. The city hosts various events throughout the year, such as the Bernese Onion Market (Zibelemärit) and the Gurtenfestival.

Economy

The economy of Bern is diverse, with sectors including communications, energy production, and public administration playing significant roles. It is also a hub for medical research and the pharmaceutical industry, with several well-known companies and research institutions located in the city and its surroundings.

Education

Bern is a center for higher education and research, hosting the University of Bern, which was established in 1834. The university is renowned for its faculties of law, medicine, and theology. The city also has several specialized research institutes affiliated with the university, contributing to its reputation as a research hub.

Transportation

Bern is well-connected by both national and international transport networks. The Bern Railway Station is one of the main nodes of the Swiss railway system, offering extensive rail services to major Swiss cities and neighboring countries. The city also has a well-developed public transport system, including trams and buses, operated by Bernmobil. The Bern Airport (also known as Bern-Belp) serves domestic and some European destinations.

Conclusion

Bern, with its rich history, cultural heritage, and role as the political center of Switzerland, is a city that blends tradition with modernity. Its UNESCO-listed historic center, vibrant cultural scene, and status as a hub for education and research make it a unique place that attracts tourists, students, and professionals from around the world.