Blood libel

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Trento-statue of Simon of Trent in via Simonino

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Death of William of Norwich

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Ritualmord-Legende

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Judensau Frankfurt

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Blood libel refers to a centuries-old antisemitic canard that accuses Jews of murdering Christian children to use their blood in religious rituals, particularly in the baking of matzos for Passover. This baseless myth has been a major source of persecution and violence against Jewish communities throughout history.

Origins

The origins of the blood libel can be traced back to medieval Europe, where it first emerged in the 12th century. The earliest recorded instance occurred in 1144 in Norwich, England, with the death of a 12-year-old boy named William of Norwich. Despite the lack of evidence, a local monk named Thomas of Monmouth accused the Jewish community of ritual murder, claiming that they had chosen William as a sacrifice.

Spread and Impact

Over the centuries, the accusation of blood libel spread across Europe, leading to numerous pogroms and the expulsion of Jews from various regions. Notable cases include the Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln in 1255, Simon of Trent in 1475, and the Damascus affair in 1840. These incidents often resulted in the torture, execution, and expulsion of Jews, and were sometimes used by authorities as a pretext to confiscate Jewish property.

Modern Instances

Despite being debunked by numerous sources over the centuries, including by the Catholic Church and other Christian denominations, the myth of the blood libel has persisted into modern times. It has been propagated by Nazi propaganda during the Holocaust and, more recently, in some parts of the Middle East and by far-right groups in the West.

Cultural and Social Impact

The blood libel has had a profound impact on the cultural and social fabric of Jewish communities. It has contributed to the stigmatization and isolation of Jews, and has been a source of fear and trauma. The myth has also been reflected in literature, art, and folklore, often perpetuating antisemitic stereotypes.

Responses and Denunciations

Throughout history, there have been efforts to combat and denounce the blood libel. Pope Innocent IV issued a papal bull in 1247 condemning the accusations, and similar denunciations were made by other popes and Christian leaders. In the modern era, Jewish and human rights organizations have worked to educate the public about the falsehood and dangers of the blood libel and other forms of antisemitism.

See Also

• Antisemitism
• Pogrom
• Scapegoating
• Conspiracy theory