Conspiracy theory

Conspiracy theory is a term that originally was a neutral descriptor for any claim of civil, criminal, or political conspiracy. However, it has come to almost exclusively refer to any fringe theory which explains a historical or current event as the result of a secret plot by conspirators of almost superhuman power and cunning.

Definition

A conspiracy theory is an explanation for an event or situation that invokes a conspiracy by sinister and powerful groups, often political in motivation, when other explanations are more probable. The term has a pejorative connotation, implying that the appeal to a conspiracy is based on prejudice or insufficient evidence.

History

The term "conspiracy theory" was first used in the early 20th century to describe any new historical theory which suggested a conspiracy. The term has since taken on a derogatory meaning, referring to theories that explain events as the result of a secret, often sinister plot.

Types of Conspiracy Theories

There are many types of conspiracy theories, but they all share a belief in the existence of a vast, insidious, preternaturally effective international conspiratorial network designed to perpetrate acts of the most fiendish character.

Political Conspiracy Theories

Political conspiracy theories are theories that suggest that world events are being controlled or manipulated by hidden parties. These theories often involve governments, corporations, or other large institutions.

Paranormal Conspiracy Theories

Paranormal conspiracy theories involve elements of the supernatural or unexplained, such as aliens, ghosts, or other paranormal entities.

Pseudoscientific Conspiracy Theories

Pseudoscientific conspiracy theories involve claims that are purportedly based on science, but lack supporting evidence or violate scientific principles.

Criticism

Conspiracy theories are often criticized for their reliance on weak evidence, logical fallacies, and the tendency to explain away contradictory evidence as part of the conspiracy.

See also

• List of conspiracy theories
• Conspiracy (criminal)
• Conspiracy (civil)