Blowout fracture

Blowout fracture is a type of facial trauma involving a fracture of the bones of the orbit (eye socket), specifically the floor or medial wall. This condition is often caused by high-impact damage to the face, such as that experienced in a car accident or sports injury.

Causes

The most common cause of a blowout fracture is blunt trauma to the face. This can occur in a variety of situations, such as a car accident, a fall, or a physical altercation. Sports injuries, particularly those involving balls or other equipment striking the face, are also a common cause.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a blowout fracture can include pain, swelling, and bruising around the eye, difficulty moving the eye, double vision, and numbness in the area of the face around the eye. In some cases, the eye may appear sunken in the socket, a condition known as enophthalmos.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a blowout fracture typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests. The doctor may look for signs of injury to the eye and surrounding area, and may test the patient's eye movements and facial sensation. Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, can help to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the fracture.

Treatment

Treatment for a blowout fracture depends on the severity of the fracture and the symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be needed to repair the fracture and prevent complications. This can involve reconstructing the orbital floor or wall using a variety of materials, such as bone, cartilage, or synthetic materials. Non-surgical treatments can include pain management, anti-inflammatory medications, and monitoring for complications.

Complications

Complications of a blowout fracture can include damage to the eye and vision problems, such as double vision or loss of vision. There can also be long-term cosmetic issues, such as a sunken eye or changes in facial appearance.

See also

• Orbital fracture
• Maxillofacial surgery
• Ophthalmology