Bombay Stock Exchange

Hypertension
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Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, dizziness, shortness of breath
Complications	Heart disease, stroke, kidney failure
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Long term
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetics, diet, lifestyle
Risks	Obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption
Diagnosis	Blood pressure measurement
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Lifestyle changes, medication
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke.

Signs and Symptoms

Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it typically has no symptoms until it has caused significant damage to the heart and arteries. Some people with high blood pressure may experience headaches, dizziness, or shortness of breath.

Causes

The exact cause of hypertension is often unknown, but several factors can contribute to its development, including:

• Genetics
• Unhealthy diet, particularly high salt intake
• Lack of physical activity
• Obesity
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Smoking

Diagnosis

Hypertension is diagnosed by measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. A reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is generally considered high.

Treatment

Treatment for hypertension typically involves lifestyle changes and medication. Lifestyle changes may include:

• Eating a healthy diet
• Reducing salt intake
• Engaging in regular physical activity
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Limiting alcohol consumption
• Quitting smoking

Medications used to treat hypertension include diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers.

Complications

If left untreated, hypertension can lead to serious health problems, including:

• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Kidney failure
• Vision loss

Prevention

Preventing hypertension involves adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use.

See Also

• Cardiovascular disease
• Blood pressure
• Heart attack

External Links

• World Health Organization: Hypertension
• CDC: High Blood PressureBombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is one of the oldest and most prominent stock exchanges in Asia, located in Mumbai, India. Established on July 9, 1875, by Cotton trader Premchand Roychand, it is the first stock exchange in Asia and operates under the regulatory framework of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The BSE has played a crucial role in the development of the Indian capital market and is instrumental in providing a platform for trading in equity, debt instruments, and derivatives.

History

The origins of the Bombay Stock Exchange can be traced back to the 1850s when a group of stockbrokers would gather under a banyan tree in front of Mumbai's Town Hall. The formal establishment of the BSE in 1875 marked the beginning of organized trading in Indian securities. The BSE moved to its present building, the Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers, in 1980.

Market Structure

The BSE provides a transparent and efficient platform for trading in a variety of securities. It operates the world-renowned Sensex - the benchmark index of the BSE, which reflects the performance of 30 financially sound companies listed on the exchange. The Sensex is widely tracked by investors in India and around the globe.

Trading System

The BSE transitioned from an open outcry system to an electronic trading system in 1995. This system, known as BOLT (BSE On-Line Trading), has significantly increased the exchange's trading capacity and efficiency, allowing it to handle millions of transactions daily.

Listings

As of now, the BSE lists thousands of companies, making it one of the world's leading exchanges in terms of listed companies. The exchange provides a market for trading in various asset classes, including equity, debt, and derivatives.

Regulation

The BSE operates under the regulatory oversight of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), which ensures the protection of investor interests and the enforcement of market rules and regulations.

Global Presence

The BSE has established links with several international exchanges and has been active in developing the global financial market. It has partnerships and memoranda of understanding with exchanges across the world to facilitate cross-listing and to enhance the global reach of its listed companies.

Education and Training

The BSE also focuses on educating and training market participants. It offers a range of courses and certifications aimed at enhancing the knowledge and skills of investors, traders, and finance professionals.

Challenges and Opportunities

The BSE faces challenges such as competition from other exchanges, technological advancements, and regulatory changes. However, it continues to innovate and expand its services to meet the evolving needs of the market.

Conclusion

The Bombay Stock Exchange stands as a testament to the growth and resilience of the Indian financial market. Its rich history, combined with its commitment to innovation and regulation, ensures its pivotal role in the global financial ecosystem.