Bone cancer

Bone cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the bones. It is a rare form of cancer, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers. Bone cancer can affect any bone in the body, but it most commonly occurs in the long bones of the arms and legs.

Types of Bone Cancer

Bone cancer is classified into several types based on the type of cell where the cancer begins. The main types include:

• Osteosarcoma: This is the most common type of bone cancer, typically affecting children and young adults. It usually starts in the osteoblasts, the cells that form new bone.
• Chondrosarcoma: This type of bone cancer begins in the cartilage cells and is more common in adults.
• Ewing sarcoma: This type of bone cancer is more common in children and adolescents. It usually starts in the bones but can also begin in the soft tissues around the bones.

Symptoms

The symptoms of bone cancer can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor. Common symptoms include:

• Pain in the affected bone
• Swelling and tenderness near the affected area
• Fractures due to weakened bones
• Fatigue
• Unintended weight loss

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of bone cancer is not known, but several factors may increase the risk, including:

• Genetic mutations
• Previous radiation therapy
• Certain inherited conditions, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and hereditary retinoblastoma

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of bone cancer typically involves a combination of imaging tests and biopsies. Common diagnostic methods include:

• X-rays
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Computed tomography (CT) scans
• Bone scans
• Biopsy

Treatment

Treatment for bone cancer depends on the type, location, and stage of the cancer. Common treatment options include:

• Surgery: The primary treatment for most bone cancers, aiming to remove the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue.
• Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to kill cancer cells, often used before or after surgery.
• Radiation therapy: The use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells, often used in combination with surgery and chemotherapy.

Prognosis

The prognosis for bone cancer varies depending on several factors, including the type of cancer, its location, and the stage at diagnosis. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving the chances of a successful outcome.

See Also

• Cancer
• Sarcoma
• Oncology
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy