Bones of the vertebral column

The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is a complex structure composed of a series of bones known as vertebrae. The vertebral column is a crucial part of the human skeletal system, providing support for the body and protecting the spinal cord.

Structure

The vertebral column is typically made up of 33 individual bones that are stacked one on top of another. These bones are divided into five regions: the cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, and coccyx or tailbone.

Cervical Vertebrae

The cervical vertebrae are the seven bones that make up the neck region of the spine. The first two cervical vertebrae, known as the atlas and axis, are unique in their structure and function, allowing for a greater range of movement in the neck.

Thoracic Vertebrae

The thoracic vertebrae consist of 12 bones located in the chest region. These vertebrae have facets on their sides for the attachment of the ribs, making them unique among the vertebrae.

Lumbar Vertebrae

The lumbar vertebrae are the five largest and strongest vertebrae located in the lower back. They carry the most weight and are subject to the greatest amount of stress and strain.

Sacral Vertebrae

The sacral vertebrae are five bones that are fused together to form the sacrum, a triangular bone located at the base of the spine. The sacrum fits between the two hip bones and forms the back part of the pelvis.

Coccyx

The coccyx, or tailbone, is the final segment of the vertebral column. It is usually composed of four small fused vertebrae, although the number can vary.

Function

The vertebral column serves several important functions. It supports the weight of the body, allows for flexibility and movement, and protects the spinal cord and nerves.

See Also

• Human skeleton
• Spinal cord
• Vertebra

References

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