Borrelia recurrentis

Borrelia recurrentis is a species of spirochete bacteria that is the causative agent of relapsing fever. It is a member of the genus Borrelia, which also includes species that cause Lyme disease and other forms of relapsing fever. B. recurrentis is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected lice.

Characteristics

Borrelia recurrentis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, spirochete bacterium. It is characterized by its long, slender, helically coiled shape and its unique mode of cell division, which occurs at the cell's ends rather than in the middle.

Pathogenesis

The primary disease caused by B. recurrentis is relapsing fever, a condition characterized by recurring episodes of fever, headache, muscle and joint aches, and nausea. The disease is typically transmitted through the bite of an infected louse, although it can also be transmitted through the inhalation of aerosols containing the bacteria.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of B. recurrentis infection is typically made through microscopy, with the bacteria often visible in blood smears during febrile episodes. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as doxycycline or penicillin.

Epidemiology

B. recurrentis is found worldwide, but is most common in regions where lice infestations are prevalent, such as in parts of Africa, South America, and Asia. The disease is often associated with poor living conditions and overcrowding.

Prevention

Prevention of B. recurrentis infection primarily involves control of louse populations, through measures such as improved sanitation and the use of insecticides.