Breech delivery

Breech delivery refers to the childbirth process where a baby is born bottom-first instead of head-first. This type of delivery can present several challenges and risks, both to the mother and the baby.

Definition

A breech birth or breech delivery occurs when a baby is born with the buttocks or feet first as opposed to the normal head-first presentation. There are three main types of breech presentations: frank, complete, and footling.

Types of Breech Delivery

• Frank breech: In this type, the baby's buttocks are aimed at the birth canal with its legs sticking straight up in front of its body and the feet near the head.
• Complete breech: Here, the buttocks are down, and the legs are folded at the knees and feet near the buttocks.
• Footling breech: In this type, one or both of the baby's feet point downward and will deliver before the rest of the body.

Causes

The exact cause of breech delivery is still unknown. However, it is more common in subsequent pregnancies, in pregnancies of multiples, and when there is history of premature delivery. Other factors that might increase the likelihood include abnormalities in the uterus, or placenta previa.

Management

Management of breech delivery can be either through vaginal birth or caesarean section. The choice of delivery method depends on various factors including the type of breech presentation, the size and position of the baby, the baby's gestational age, and the healthcare provider's experience with breech delivery.

Risks

Breech delivery poses several risks to both the mother and the baby. These include cord prolapse, birth injuries, and neonatal mortality.

See Also

• Childbirth
• Caesarean section
• Placenta previa