British Pakistanis

Ethnic group

British Pakistanis

Total population
Approximately 1.17 million (2011 Census)
Regions with significant populations
Greater London, West Midlands, Yorkshire and the Humber, North West England
Languages
English, Urdu, Punjabi, Pashto, Mirpuri
Religion
Predominantly Islam, with small minorities of Christianity and Hinduism

British Pakistanis are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom whose ancestral roots lie in Pakistan. They form one of the largest ethnic minority groups in the UK, with a significant presence in major urban areas.

History

The migration of Pakistanis to the UK began in earnest in the 1950s and 1960s, following the Partition of India in 1947 and the subsequent creation of Pakistan. Many early migrants were recruited to fill labor shortages in the UK, particularly in industries such as textiles and manufacturing. The majority of these migrants came from the Azad Kashmir and Punjab regions of Pakistan.

Demographics

According to the 2011 UK Census, there were approximately 1.17 million British Pakistanis, making up about 1.8% of the total UK population. The largest concentrations are found in cities such as Birmingham, Bradford, Manchester, and London.

Culture

British Pakistanis have maintained a rich cultural heritage, blending traditional Pakistani customs with British influences. This is evident in areas such as cuisine, music, and clothing. Biryani, kebabs, and samosas are popular dishes within the community.

Language

While English is widely spoken, many British Pakistanis also speak languages such as Urdu, Punjabi, and Pashto. The Mirpuri dialect is also common among those from the Azad Kashmir region.

Religion

Islam is the predominant religion among British Pakistanis, with the majority adhering to Sunni Islam. There are also smaller communities of Shia Muslims, Ahmadiyya, and other sects. Mosques play a central role in community life, serving as places of worship and community centers.

Economy

British Pakistanis have made significant contributions to the UK economy, particularly in sectors such as retail, transport, and healthcare. Many are entrepreneurs, owning and operating small businesses such as convenience stores and restaurants.

Education

Education is highly valued within the British Pakistani community, with a strong emphasis on academic achievement. However, there are challenges, including disparities in educational attainment compared to other ethnic groups. Efforts are ongoing to address these issues through community initiatives and government programs.

Politics

British Pakistanis are active in UK politics, with representation in local councils and the UK Parliament. Notable politicians of Pakistani descent include Sadiq Khan, the Mayor of London, and Naz Shah, Member of Parliament for Bradford West.

Challenges

The community faces several challenges, including issues related to integration, discrimination, and socio-economic disparities. Efforts to address these challenges include community engagement programs and policy initiatives aimed at promoting equality and social cohesion.

Also see

• Pakistani diaspora
• British Asians
• Islam in the United Kingdom
• Multiculturalism in the United Kingdom